HAKI

Copyright protects original works of authorship in the fields of science, art, and literature. Protection arises automatically upon creation and grants both economic and moral rights to the creator. In Indonesia, copyright is governed by Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright, which ensures legal certainty and protection against unauthorized use.

Types of Copyrighted Works under Indonesian Law:

• Literary works – books, articles, written content
• Scientific works – research papers, academic works
• Artistic works – paintings, drawings, sculptures, batik motifs
• Musical works – songs with or without lyrics
• Dramatic and choreographic works – performances, dances
• Audiovisual works – films, videos, cinematographic content
• Photographic works – photographs and visual images
• Computer programs – software and applications
• Derivative works – translations, adaptations, compilations

Industrial design refers to the aesthetic aspects of a product, including its shape, configuration, pattern, or ornamentation, whether in two-dimensional or three-dimensional form. Protection is granted only to designs that are new and not previously disclosed. This area is governed by Law No. 31 of 2000 on Industrial Design, ensuring legal protection for designers and businesses.

Scope of Industrial Design Protection:

• Two-dimensional designs – patterns, lines, or color arrangements
• Three-dimensional designs – shapes, configurations, or product forms
• Combination designs – integration of 2D and 3D elements
• Visible appearance elements – features that give aesthetic value to a product

A patent is an exclusive right granted for inventions in the field of technology, allowing inventors to control the use and commercialization of their innovations. Patent protection in Indonesia is regulated under Law No. 13 of 2016 on Patents, which provides a legal framework for technological protection and innovation development.

Types of Patents under Indonesian Law:

• Patent (Paten) – granted for new inventions involving inventive steps and industrial applicability
• Simple Patent (Paten Sederhana) – granted for simple or incremental inventions
• Product Patents – covering tangible inventions
• Process Patents – covering methods or processes

A trademark is a sign used to distinguish goods and/or services in the marketplace. It serves as a key asset in building brand identity and ensuring legal protection against unauthorized use. In Indonesia, trademark protection is governed by Law No. 20 of 2016 on Trademarks and Geographical Indications, which grants exclusive rights to registered owners.

Types of Trademarks under Indonesian Law:

• Non-Conventional Marks – including 3D marks, sound marks, and hologram marks (as recognized under Indonesian practice)

• Trademarks (Merek Barang) – marks used in relation to goods

• Service Marks (Merek Jasa) – marks used in relation to services

• Collective Marks (Merek Kolektif) – marks used by members of an association collectively

• Conventional Marks – such as names, logos, letters, numbers, and color compositions